This simple calculation will show if you’re withholding enough taxes from your paycheck (2024)

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If your tax refund or bill is bigger than expected, it could be time to adjust your paycheck withholding — and a simple calculation could help, experts say.

Typically, you get a refund when you overpay taxes throughout the year, and you owe money when you don't pay enough. Many workers contribute via paycheck withholdings based on a completed form called a W-4.

But the form is "very confusing," according to certified financial planner and enrolled agent John Loyd, owner at The Wealth Planner in Fort Worth, Texas. "You're checking these boxes, but you really don't know how much the IRS is going to withhold."

How paycheck withholdings work

When you start a new job, you fill out Form W-4, which tells employers how much to withhold from each paycheck for federal income taxes. The form asks about your filing status, other income, dependents and more, which affect the percentage withheld.

"If you answer it properly, you probably will get a good outcome," said JoAnn May, a Berwyn, Illinois-based CFP at Forest Asset Management. She is also a certified public accountant.

"The problem is that form is so foreign to people," she said. "They see it and their eyes glaze over."

You also need to tell your employer about life changes — such as marriage, divorce, having a child or adding a second job — to make the necessary Form W-4 adjustments. After updating Form W-4, it's important to double-check your paystubs for these changes, Loyd said.

Experts suggest reviewing your withholdings periodically to avoid a larger-than-expected tax bill or refund.

Calculate last year's 'effective tax rate'

While Form W-4 can be daunting, Loyd said you can check your withholding by calculating the previous year's "effective tax rate," or the percent of taxable income you pay in levies. This is different from your marginal tax bracket.

Start by reviewing last year's tax return. You calculate your effective tax rate by dividing your total tax (line 24) by taxable income (line 15).

"A person may be in the 22 percent bracket, but the rate they're actually paying on everything may be 12 percent," Loyd said.

If your 2024 earnings are similar to 2023, you'll want your federal paycheck withholdings at roughly last year's effective tax rate, Loyd said.

For example, if your gross paycheck is $1,000 and last year's effective tax rate was 12%, you'll want about $120 withheld in federal taxes, he said. Of course, this withholding could change if you have earnings from another job.

This simple calculation will show if you’re withholding enough taxes from your paycheck (1)

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This simple calculation will show if you’re withholding enough taxes from your paycheck (2024)

FAQs

How do I know if I'm withholding enough taxes? ›

How to check withholding. Use the Tax Withholding Estimator on IRS.gov. The Tax Withholding Estimator works for most employees by helping them determine whether they need to give their employer a new Form W-4.

How are taxes withheld from my paycheck calculated? ›

The amount of tax withheld from your pay depends on what you earn each pay period. It also depends on what information you gave your employer on Form W-4 when you started working. This information, like your filing status, can affect the tax rate used to calculate your withholding.

What should I put for an additional amount withheld from my paycheck? ›

Take advantage of the line for extra withholding. If you want to have a specific number of extra dollars withheld from each check for taxes, you can put that on line 4(c).

What determines the amount held out of your paycheck for your withholding taxes? ›

For employees, withholding is the amount of federal income tax withheld from your paycheck. The amount of income tax your employer withholds from your regular pay depends on two things: The amount you earn. The information you give your employer on Form W–4.

How much tax should I withhold 0 or 1? ›

By placing a “0” on line 5, you are indicating that you want the most amount of tax taken out of your pay each pay period. If you wish to claim 1 for yourself instead, then less tax is taken out of your pay each pay period. 2. You can choose to have no taxes taken out of your tax and claim Exemption (see Example 2).

What percent should I withhold for taxes? ›

Typically, you can avoid a penalty and any applicable interest by paying at least 90 percent of your taxes during the year. Checking and then adjusting tax withholding can help make sure you: Don't owe more tax than you are expecting; Don't get a surprise tax bill, and possibly a penalty, when filing next year; or.

Why is my federal withholding so low when I claim 0? ›

If you claimed 0 and still owe taxes, chances are you added “married” to your W4 form. When you claim 0 in allowances, it seems as if you are the only one who earns and that your spouse does not. Then, when both of you earn, and the amount reaches the 25% tax bracket, the amount of tax sent is not enough.

What if my employer is not withholding enough federal taxes? ›

If your employer didn't have federal tax withheld, contact them to have the correct amount withheld for the future. When you file your tax return, you'll owe the amounts your employer should have withheld during the year as unpaid taxes. You may need a corrected Form W-2 reflecting additional FICA earnings.

How much should be withheld from each paycheck? ›

In 2022, your employer will withhold 6.2% of your wages (up to $147,000) for Social Security. Additionally, you must pay 1.45% of all of your wages for Medicare, without any limitations. If you earn over $200,000, you can expect an extra tax of .9% of your wages, known as the additional Medicare tax.

What withholding allowance should I put? ›

You can claim anywhere between 0 and 3 allowances on the W4 IRS form, depending on what you're eligible for. Generally, the more allowances you claim, the less tax will be withheld from each paycheck. The fewer allowances claimed, the larger withholding amount, which may result in a refund.

Is extra withholding a good idea? ›

If you want to avoid paying taxes when you file your tax return, it is better to withhold more income throughout the year.

What should I fill out for tax withholding? ›

Complete Form W-4 so that your employer can withhold the correct federal income tax from your pay.

How to make sure enough taxes are withheld? ›

When you have a W-2 based job, the best way to find that perfect balance of withholdings is to properly complete Form W-4 (and its accompanying worksheets) when you begin a job, and providing an updated Form W-4 to your employer when your circ*mstances change.

How much tax is taken out of a $3,000 check? ›

Income Tax Brackets
Single Filers
California Taxable IncomeRate
$0 - $10,4121.00%
$10,412 - $24,6842.00%
$24,684 - $38,9594.00%
7 more rows

What happens if too much is withheld from your paycheck? ›

Too little can lead to a tax bill or penalty. Too much can mean you won't have use of the money until you receive a tax refund.

What happens if employer doesn't withhold enough tax? ›

If an employee doesn't have enough tax withheld, they may face an unexpected tax bill and a possible penalty when they file a tax return next year. If they overpay or have too much tax withheld during the year, the employee will likely get a tax refund when they file their tax return.

How do I know if I'm not paying enough taxes? ›

You will receive an IRS notice if you underpaid estimated taxes. They determine the tax underpayment penalty by calculating the amount based on the taxes accrued (total tax minus tax credits) on your original tax return or a more recent one you filed.

What happens if you withhold too little on taxes? ›

Check Your Withholding

Too little can lead to a tax bill or penalty. Too much can mean you won't have use of the money until you receive a tax refund.

Is it better to withhold more or less taxes? ›

The ideal way to handle your tax withholding is to have just enough taxes withheld to prevent you from incurring penalties when your tax return is due, but still owe just a little bit rather than receive a refund.

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